Concrete

Cook, Phillip B.; Walker, James B.;

A concrete mortar is formed by mixing together sand, cement, water and a sewage sludge ash. A foam is added to the mortar to form a foamed concrete composition.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a hardened concrete and a method of making such concrete.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Sewage sludge ash is a byproduct of the incineration of sewage sludge in specially designed incinerators. This is a cheap and relatively environmentally acceptable way of treating the sludge which otherwise tends to be discharged as raw sewage into the sea. However, wider use of this technique has been hampered by the inability to find a use for the ash and therefore a means of obviating the need to dump it in landfill sites which are becoming scarce and expensive.

The applicants have found surprisingly that the ash can be used in the production of concrete, particularly foamed concrete.

According therefore to one aspect of the present invention a hardened concrete contains sewage sludge ash.

Preferably the concrete is foamed concrete, i.e., concrete containing a mass of gas bubbles.

Suitably the ash content lies between 15% and 35% by weight of the total weight of the concrete.

The concrete may have a density lying between 1150 and 1500 Kg/m.sup.3.

Preferably apart from the ash, the concrete also contains sand and cement.

The invention therefore provides a use for the ash and additionally and as importantly a reduced cost concrete over that containing merely sand and cement since the ash provides a cheap sand substitute.

According to another aspect of the present invention a method is provided for making concrete comprising mixing together sewage sludge ash with sand and cement and water to form a mortar.

• Zeolite Nu-5 Electrode for electrolysis
• Clipboard Reversible mop
• Sandbag envelope Method for producing nitro compounds
• Ball caddy Hand capper
• Air-conditioning grille Metal oxide films
• Play back apparatus Machine tool control
• Molded vehicle interior trim Electromagnetic Christmas tree lights
• Shaft absorber Concrete
• Recovery of carbon black Radiographic moire
• Handle structure for percussive tools Serpentine coiled ladder stent
• 4-hydroxybiphenyl hydrazide derivatives Tantalum-containing superalloys
• Software performance analyzer Display tag for product information
• Image forming apparatus Co-developers for black-and-white photothermographic elements
• (2-thienyl)alkylamine derivatives having neuroprotective properties Method for rolling tubes
• Harness integrity tester (hit) Low stiffness, high torsion suspension
• Vertical bagging apparatus High security lock
• Splint bandage and method Tube saw
• Method of integrated circuit fabrication Light controlled vapor deposition
• Image transferring medium Chemical abatement of carbonate cracking
• Optical module Magnetic recording medium
• Multi-phase-locked loop for data recovery Control device
• Football game Preparation of 2-t-butyl-4-alkoxy- and 4-hydroxyphenols
• Copper refining Foot operated cutting device
• FET Voltage level detecting circuit Phase matching circuit
• Carbon monoxide sensor Parenteral solutions for diclofenac salts
• Tension-compression liquid spring unit Cooler
• Register air-flow boosting device Storage apparatus and calibrating method
• Bicycle water pump Contact lens case
• Low-depth stackable can tray Interpolation of aliased seismic traces
• Nuclear reactor constructions Composite optical element
• Plug-and-socket connection

Suitably after forming the mortar a foam is added to the mixture to form a foam concrete.

Conveniently the foam is produced by aerating a mixture of soap solution and water.

An embodiment of the invention will now be particularly described with reference to the following example.

390 Kg of sand, 390 Kg of sewage sludge ash, and 390 Kg of cement are mixed together in a conventional concrete mixer and 500 Kg of water is added to form a mortar. A foam produced by aerating a soap solution/water mixture in which the soap solution comprises 5% by weight of the mixture is then added to the mortar to produce a foam concrete which is then poured into a mould to form blocks or may be used to fill trenches and cavities.

After adding the foam the weights of the sand, ash, cement and water is found to be respectively 316 Kg, 316 Kg, 316 Kg and 411 Kg.

This particular mix is most suitable for filling road-side or road-way trenches.

The density of the unhardened foam concrete is 1360 Kg/m.sup.3 and this is found to drop to about 1300 Kg/m.sup.3 when the concrete hardens.

The ash content of the hardened concrete is found to be about 24% by weight but it comprises over 50% by volume of the concrete.

If this type of foam concrete is to be used for some other application such as general void fill, the same base mix could be used but more foam could be added as lower strength could be tolerated. However, as the foam is so light, the weight percentages would remain about the same.